From: JG, Darwin Award Assistant

Sent:February 15, 2008

Subject: "Life, Tomorrow's Comprehension"

Dov Henis,

Thank You for responding to our call for science writers. I really enjoyed you outline. Your purposed idea is truly unique and I have not read anything similar. Your essay would be a great addition to our scientific essays.... etc.,

I look forward to hearing from you.

Thank You

JG

Darwin Award Assistant

====================

From: henisdov

Sent:February 16, 2008

To: JG

Dear JG,

Thank you for the flattering compliment and for the kind offer.

However, having looked up the Darwin Award link I regret to decline the offer since I do not think that "Life, Tomorrow's Comprehension" belongs in the class of 'popularised science' essays you seek.

I consider "Life, Tomorrow's Comprehension", and other brief essays that I have been writing on this subject, uniquely novel expansion of Darwinism towards the furthest presently conceivable life comprehension horizon.

At my advanced age and background (ret', 1956 PhD biochem) I would be glad, though, to consider favourably some sort of a joint project of editing-organizing-publishing my subject relevant essays-postings. IMO this might be an impressive scientific contribution for extending the profoundity and applicability of historical Darwinism.

If Darwin Award is interested to consider such a project I shall furnish some links and sample essays.

Respectfully,

DH

=====================================

=====================================

Darwinism Starts With Life's Day One, With Pre-Archaea Genes

History Of Life In Structure Of Transfer RNA

http://www.physforum.com/index.php?showtopic=14988&st=165&#entry320236

A.

Quote from http://www.physorg.com/news124097235.html

The new analysis also indicates that viruses emerged not long after the archaea, with the superkingdoms eukarya and bacteria following much later – and in that order. This finding may influence the ongoing debate over whether viruses existed prior to, or after, the emergence of living cells, Caetano-Anolles said.

“This supports the idea that viruses arose from the cellular domain,” he said.

B.

Quote from http://genomebiology.com/2000/1/3/reviews/1020/

Archaea (as exemplified by Pyrococcus sp.) replicate their circular genome from a single DNA replication origin as do bacteria, even though they may use eukaryotic-like proteins to do so. This single-origin replication is unlike human's, as our DNA replication depends on initiation at thousands of different origins. The multiple sites of initiation are essential for timely replication of large eukaryotic genomes. The archaebacterial Pyrococcus genomes by contrast are smaller even than that of Escherichia coli, so perhaps we should not be surprised that archaea can replicate like E. coli using a single origin.

C.

Quote from http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1&p=372

Viruses, Too, Are Bona Fide Organisms

Evolution is always in the direction of more effective survivability; however, this is not always in the direction of more complexing for coping with changing environments and competition. In a stable nutritious environment, like in Earth's oceans, coping with vital requirenments, evolution, is in the opposite direction, simplify tooling and means.

It is plain common sense that viruses, even Viroids and Virusoids, nothing more than single strands of DNA or RNA, sometimes only 200-300 nucleotides long, are organisms as alive as we are, evolved at life genesis era and selected for survival in forms, composition and capabilities by living, and even replicating, off their richer kin. Smart little buggers.

D.

Factors Involved In Extended Historical Darwinism:

- Earth Life Is A Real Virtual Affair; it pops in and out of existence in its matrix, which is the energy constrained in Earth's biosphere .

- Genes are organisms, interdependent members of genes communes, genomes, all continuously undergoing evolution directed towards survival as long as possible, for maintaining Earth's biosphere as long as possible.

- Culture is a ubiquitous biological entity and is the major effector of genetic evolution, of capabilities and attributes selected for survival.

- The major course of natural selection is not via random mutations followed by survival, but via interdependent, interactive and interenhencing selection of biased replication routes by genes at their alternative-splicing-steps junctions, effected by the cultural feedback of the second stratum multicells organism or monocells community to their prime stratum genes-genome organisms.

- Evolution of life is but a minute component of the evolution of the universe. Cosmic evolution is the evolution of energy. Life, like all objects and processes and natural laws in the universe, are - since none in exsistence at singularity - products of evolution and are continuously further evolving. Everything in the cosmos is fractal, rehappens on many scales, and is continuously evolving. Each and every system in the universe continuously evolves within the total universal evolution and all the systems' evolutions are intertwined and within it life's evolution is the evolution of genes-genomes, in a losing attempt to survive, to maintain - as long as possible - pockets of constrained energy that would otherwise and anyhow eventually expand and dilute with the whole mass and energy of the cosmos...

Dov Henis

Puzzled why even Darwinians do not comprehend that Darwinism starts all the way back with Life's day one, with the pre-archaea not-yet-genomed-celled genes...

==========================

Elephants, Cetaceans, Religion, And Ethics

In A Science-Informed-Based Civilization

Feb 28 2008, in physorg forum

A. Elephants to be killed to control their number

Feb. 25, 2008

Pretoria, South Africa: South Africa says that it will start killing elephants to reduce their burgeoning numbers...

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23341840/

B. Intelligence and culture

- Wikipedia: "There is no universally agreed definition of intelligence. However, a commonly used definition is 'the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience'."

- Intelligence = The core (wordnet.princeton) definition of "intelligence" is "the ability to comprehend, to understand and profit from experience".

These surviving abilities are different for the different genotypes and for the different phenotypes within a genotype, therefore each of those cases has its own unique expression of "intelligence". Intelligence is to culture approximately as essential amino acids are to proteins. Culture evolves in response to circumstances via the use of intelligence and to the extent and scope feasible by the extent and scope of intelligence.

- Cognition = the capability, process or act of thinking, questioning and analysing. Cognition is Cultural, is Biological. Cognition derives from culture. Culture is a biological attribute of ALL organisms regardless of size or complexity.

- Culture = the totality of ways of the organisms' dealing with (awareness of, reaction to, manipulation of, exploitation of) its environment.

C. Present ethical and non-ethical killing

Devouring of organism by organism is an innate evolutionary survival format. Humans, having evolved within their genotype a variety of different phenogroups' cultures comprising also artifactual codes of ethics, have not involved ethical consideration in regards to either killing and/or consuming other organisms.

Humans' avoidance of cannibalism, some humans' burrial of their dead, some humans' avoidance of own-kin killing, and license to kill and consume other organisms have been founded and developed historically first via the human artifact religion, essentially a frame-of-mind and system of ascribing Inflated High individual and group Self-Esteem (IHSE) to a kin group as means for the phenogroup survival. With accelerating development of human culture, accompanied with increased welfare demands, follows competition for resources between phenogroups and various forms of IHSE-phenogroups takeover and domination of other groups. In the course of this competition the different phenogroups evolve at different rates and in different directions, per their unique circumstances and capabilities, arriving at the present state of humanity on Earth.

Even if we comprehend today the historical process of our evolution, we members of whatever phenogroup still have embeded in us the IHSE base of ethics. This embeded ethics criterion grades the extent of our empathy unevenly along a scale of social strata within our community and along a scale of nations-phenogroups on Earth.

In regards to non-human organisms our Ethics Scale is based on our concept of the extent of cognition expressed by them. The closer their cognitive characteristics are to ours the more empathy we feel for them. Thus our highly empathic attitudes towards elephants and some primates and towards some Cetaceans, the 'brainy' ex-mammals turned ocean dwellers. We feel more uneasy about killing them than about killing less 'brainy' cratures, farther from us on the scale of having cognition.

D. Future ethics of killing non-humans in science-based civilization

If, whenever, eventually, Earth's humanity survives to base-found a united Earth civilization based on science-informed rational...in such a maybe far future methods other than killing (some available now, already) will probably be applied for interferring with natural Darwinian course of evolution...

Dov Henis

Feb 12 2008

Life Evolution Within Cosmic Evolution

http://forum.physorg.com/index.php?showtopic=14988&st=150&#entry310777

A. The Cosmic Drive and Purpose Behind The Drive and Purpose Of Life

(From chapter III of "Life, Tomorrow's Comprehension" )

http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1&p=372

(1) Again, Earth Life Is A Real Virtual Affair; it pops in and out of existence from its matrix, which is the energy constrained in Earth's biosphere. The totality of life in Earth's biosphere (the outermost part of the planet's shell, including air, land, surface rocks and water, within which life occurs, and which biotic processes in turn alter or transform. Wikipedia.) is a temporary grand store of constrained energy, and all living organisms are elaborate temporary energy storage containers and all genes-genomes are "Life quanta" organisms, carriers of "Life photons".

(2) Singularity and D-Infinity (max expansion/ cosmic energy dilution) are the two cosmic stable states. Their in-between is a metastable state. This corresponds to commonsense observation: the denser the compacting goal of material the more energy is required, and vice versa the more thorough the disintegration of material the higher the amount of energy released. It seems that E=mC^2 is a specific case of the cosmic (and universal) process

E=Total[m(1+D)]

where D is the Distance from Big Bang point and the sum is of all spatial values of D from D=0 to D=selected value.

[BTW, (Nov 9 2006), following Newton (1) gravity is decreased when mass is decreased and (2) acceleration of a body is given by dividing the force acting upon it by its mass. By plain common sense the combination of those two 'laws' may explain the accelerating cosmic expansion of galaxy clusters, based on the above E/ m/ D suggested relationship.]

(3) Life, and every and all objects and processes including natural laws, are - since their non-existence at singularity - products of evolution and are continuously further evolving. Everything in the cosmos is fractal, rehappens on many scales, and is continuously evolving. Each and every system in the universe continuously evolves within the total universal evolution and all the systems' evolutions are intertwined. Ergo (Big-Bang's) energy is the base element of everything in the universe and individual genes are the base elements of Life. Cosmic evolution is evolution of energy, and within it Life's evolution is the evolution of the genes/energy-quanta carriers.

(4) At the beginning was the energy singularity. At the end will be near zero mass and an infinite dispersion of the beginning energy. In-between, the universe undergoes continuous evolution, consisting of myriad energy-to-energy and energy-to-mass-to-energy transformations. The cosmos evolution process comprises, though, phenomena of forms of temporary energy storages, energy dispersion constraints. Examples of such temporary pockets are black holes of all sizes, and all forms of biospheres wherever they are.

The temporary constrained energy pockets are far-removed versions, up-fractionally evolved, scattered cosmic fragmants of singularity-akin energy storages. Energy stored in the temporary constrained energy pockets resists dispersion; we do not yet comprehend why. However, we do comprehend that we, all Earth life, are real virtual constrained energy pockets formed by Earth's biosphere energy store in the process of enhencing Earth's biosphere energy content and for resisting its dispersion by maintaining it bio as long as possible.

B. Life Evolution Within The Cosmic Evolution

All cosmic objects, processes and (natural) laws, not having been in existence at singularity, are products of evolution and are further evolving.

Life system(s) is a sub-system of energy. The evolution of Life(s) system(s) differs from the evolution of non-living system(s) in Design and Randomness.

Non-living systems evolve in accordance with laws that evolve during the systems' evolution, affected and selected randomly by the Ambience. This route of evolution, even if it 'enables' temporary diversions from the inavoidable final end state of the cosmos, has a fixed overall direction and a fixed end state.

Whereas Life system(s) evolve with Design, with the design and culture selected by the evolution of Life's prime organisms, the genes-genome, for surviving as long as possible, for lengthening as much as possible the period of constrainig their planet's biosphere energy, even if in a hopeless eventual losing struggle to maintain their planet bio.

Dov Henis

************************

Organisms Evolve By Design

for maintaining Earth's biosphere

Feb 12 2008

http://forum.physorg.com/index.php?showtopic=14988&st=150&#entry310668

Again, It's The Living Genes-Genome, Man.

They are the alleged Evolution, not a Designer.

Just look at the red blood cells...

A. Good general background info re blood cells

http://www.isscr.org/public/blood.htm

B. I like this source of info on blood cells despite its presentor

http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/711

quote:

" Erythrocytes (also known as red blood cells) are the most common of the formed elements. Adult humans have approximately 2-3 x 10^13 red blood cells at any given time (see Wikipedia, n.d.). These cells provide oxygen to tissues, and assist in the disposal of carbon dioxide. In humans, red blood cells are devoid of nuclei (i.e., they are anucleated) and intracellular organelles, while birds, amphibians, and other animals have red blood cells that are nucleated. This key difference should not be overlooked in light of our alleged evolutionary origins. All cells require a nucleus for replication and maturation. Even red blood cells have a nucleus during their very early stages of development. However, in humans, the production of red blood cells occurs in the bone marrow, and thus we do not normally see these nucleated cells in the circulation (although they occasionally are found in newborns). An obvious question is: How did humans “evolve” cells that would mature without a nucleus? And furthermore, why would nature select for this? By losing their nuclei, these cells are unable to replicate like other cells within the body. The body is dependent on pluripotent stem cells within bone marrow for future erythrocyte production. With a lifespan of only 120 days and no nuclei, they must be constantly produced in order to carry oxygen throughout the body. Each second about 2.5 million new erythrocytes are produced or about 200 billion each day (see “Cardiovascular System,” 2004)! Some animals produce these cells intravascularly (i.e., in the blood stream), whereas humans and other animals produce them extravascularly (in the bone marrow or other hematopoietic tissue).

Additionally, this loss of cellular organelles means that these cells are unable to produce energy, and thus, they must get energy from anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration in red blood cells is a complex cascade of events that puts even more impossible explanatory demands on evolutionists.

Red blood cells are formed by a process known as erythropiesis. It takes approximately seven days for these cells to develop, and then they are released into the blood stream. Old red blood cells are “engulfed by phagocytes, destroyed and their materials are released in the blood. The main sites of destruction are the liver and spleen” (see Wikipedia, n.d.). During their lifetime these specialized cells travel over 100 miles, are buffeted at high velocities during their passage through the heart, and have to negotiate tiny capillaries.... As they age, subtle structural changes occur which render them identifiable to scavenger cells in the spleen and elsewhere, and they end their days being devoured and digested by these predators (Blakemore and Jennett, 2001, p. 85).

However, this process must be orchestrated or else the individual will suffer from having too many or insufficient numbers of red blood cells in the blood stream. Consider the fate of an individual unable to break-down aged red blood cells, or someone who is unable to produce replacements. How did this feed-back mechanism arise? Blakemore and Jennett observed:

Their rate of production is beautifully adapted to this function. It is regulated by a hormone called erythropoietin, produced in the kidney in the adult and in the liver in the fetus. Close to the gene that regulates erythropoietin production are regions of DNA that sense oxygen tension; when this falls, erythropoietin synthesis is stimulated, and more red cells are produced in the bone marrow. When adequate oxygenation of tissues is achieved, erythropoietin production is reduced. By this biological feedback loop the body is able to respond to varying oxygen demands by modifying the rate of red cell production (2001, p. 85, emp. added).

This system is also irreducibly complex. All of the parts are necessary in order for the feedback mechanism to work properly. So how was this “beautifully adapted” feedback loop able to evolve in a series of evolutionary steps? The truth is that it could not!

As the red blood cell matures and is ready to leave the bone marrow, it expels its nucleus. The reason for anucleated red blood cells in humans is directly related to function—the unique shape and loss of nucleus provides added surface area through which gas can diffuse (Van de Graaff and Fox, 1989, p. 656; Blakemore and Jennett, p. 85). The anucleated biconcave shape increases surface area and allows the cell to remain flexible enough to squeeze through small capillaries. Even an anucleated red blood cell is larger (8µm) than capillaries (2-3µm). However, without the nucleus present, the red blood cell is flexible and able to fold over on itself. For how many “millions of years” was development limited as red blood cells slowly “evolved” the ability to shed their nucleus, develop anaerobic respiration for energy needs, and finally become flexible and able to fold into capillaries? The functional design of the anucleated red blood cell’s shape (a biconcave disc) can only be explained by the ultimate Designer.

In addition, red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which is responsible for carrying oxygen to every cell in the body. Hemoglobin is a complex protein that has two pairs of chains (referred to as alpha and beta) which bind to the red-pigmented molecule known as heme. As Blakemore and Jennett described: “In most mammals, adult hemoglobin (hemoglobin A) comprises two unlike pairs of chains of amino acids, or globin chains, called ? and ?, each of which is folded round one iron-containing heme molecule, to which oxygen can bind” (p. 85). This configuration allows hemoglobin to transport four molecules of oxygen. Given the added surface area from the anucleated biconcave disc, each cell would contain “about 280,000,000 molecules of hemoglobin” (see “Cardiovascular System,” 2004). What are the odds that this engineering accomplishment happened by random chance? Consider that an evolutionary origin of hemoglobin would require a minimum of 120 mutations to convert an alpha chain to a beta. At least 34 of those changes require changeovers in 2 or 3 nucleotides. Yet, if a single nucleotide change occurred through mutation, the result would ruin the blood and kill the organism. Simply put, evolution cannot explain the existence of hemoglobin molecules in the circulatory system of humans."

end quote

C. Further quote: "So how was this “beautifully adapted” feedback loop able to evolve in a series of evolutionary steps? The truth is that it could not!"

Now, this is the point! You unwittingly hit the nail square on its head!

Refer yourself again to "this process must be orchestrated", "regions of DNA", "the gene that regulates erythropoietin hormone production" and "biological feedback loop" AFTER carefully reading again the brief above quoted para...(from chapter II, "Life, Tomorrow's Comprehension", at

http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1&p=372

Does it reduce your (religious...) high self-esteem to realize and admit that your Designer is the living gene-genome complex that dwells in you?

Dov Henis